Chapter: The times during which, in our view, voluntary prayers are disliked, unlike the obligatory ones.

As for the obligatory prayers: whoever oversleeps or forgets one of them must make it up at any hour of the day or night, as we shall detail in its proper section of this book, Allah willing. We have already laid out the proof against those who disagree in al-Tamhīd—praise be to Allah. The funeral prayer and its rulings will be discussed in the Book of Funerals, God willing.

Regarding the prescribed Sunnah prayers and all other nawāfil and supererogatory rites: none of them is to be performed at sunrise or at sunset. According to Mālik, however, it is permissible to pray while the sun is at its zenith, whether on Friday or on any other day. No one may offer an optional prayer after the dawn prayer until the sun has risen, nor after the afternoon prayer until the sun has set. There is no portion of the night during which prayer is discouraged, and after daybreak no voluntary prayer is legislated except the two rakʿahs of Fajr.

If a person enters the mosque after he has already prayed the afternoon prayer, or after he has prayed the dawn prayer, he should not perform the two-rakʿah “Greeting of the Mosque” before sunset or before sunrise. If, however, he enters the mosque having not yet prayed the afternoon or the dawn prayer, it is permissible—provided there is still ample time remaining—for him to pray those rakʿahs.