except those we have just named. There is no set limit for the consolatory gift (mutʿah): the affluent husband gives according to his means and the man of modest means according to his. The matter is left to his discretion; he may bestow whatever he is willing to give, and no judicial order obliges him. The gift is recommended: the divorcing husband is instructed to provide it, though he cannot be coerced; he is merely urged to do so, for it is among the qualities of the virtuous and God-fearing. The ruler is the one who should direct and encourage it. All of this is the view of Mālik and his companions.