seek refuge in You from the defiling, impure, filthy, accursed Satan.”

On leaving the privy he would say, “Praise be to Allah who has removed harm from me and granted me well-being.” Another report states that when he left he would say, “Your forgiveness, O Allah, Your forgiveness.”

A person in major ritual impurity (junub) and a menstruating woman are not to recite any portion of the Quran, although a different opinion is transmitted from Malik and his companions regarding the menstruant’s recitation. Because the junub can attain purity with water or with clean earth (tayammum), he must refrain from reciting until he removes the state of janabah by one of the two. The majority of scholars hold that neither the menstruant nor the junub may read anything of the Quran, for if recitation were permissible for the menstruating woman she would likewise be allowed to pray.

No one may touch the mushaf deliberately—whether directly or through a barrier—unless in a state of ritual purity. A concession has been granted to teachers of young children for what necessity requires, due to the hardship that constant ablution would impose on them.

The leftover water from the ablution of a junub or a menstruating woman is pure and purifying so long as no impurity has reached it, and both of them are inherently pure; their bathing is an act of worship. The woman in post-partum bleeding shares the same ruling as the menstruant, and there is no harm in the sweat of any of them, nor in that of the junub.