—in al-dubbāʾ (pumpkin gourds) and al-muzaffat (pitch-coated jars) rather than any other type of container. Other scholars disagree with him, permitting the preparation of nabīdh in whatever vessel one chooses, provided the drinker consumes it while it is still sweet and therefore lawful.

It is unlawful for a Muslim to own wine or any intoxicating beverage. The liquor must be poured away and its vessels smashed in his presence as a disciplinary measure. He is then punished in proportion to his involvement—unless he actually drinks it, in which case the full ḥadd is enforced: eighty lashes. Anyone who embraces Islam while possessing wine has it poured out, yet he is not punished unless he had already been instructed to dispose of it and failed to do so.

Likewise, a Muslim may not hire out himself or his animal for any work connected with wine. If he has done so, he must donate the earnings in charity and seek Allah’s forgiveness.