and whatever is analogous to it must likewise be compensated for. A person in dire necessity is not permitted to drink wine, and no one may treat himself with wine or with anything else that is impure. If, however, someone begins to choke or has a blockage in his throat and can find neither water nor any other lawful liquid, it becomes permissible for him to drink wine to dislodge that obstruction. This is the ruling related from Qadi Abu al-Faraj, and it is reliably preserved from him.
It is impermissible to eat an egg taken from a dead hen, and the same applies to the milk of a dead animal, for it is contained in an udder that becomes impure upon the animal’s death. If eggs are boiled and a chick is found in any of them, nothing from them may be eaten, for the whole of it is impure. Likewise, if blood is found in an egg, eating it is forbidden.
When carrion or any impurity falls into food or drink, or an animal that has flowing blood dies in it, then if the food or drink is solid one discards the impurity together with what immediately surrounds it and may use what remains. If it is liquid, the entire contents must be poured away. Should the substance be oil, there is no harm in employing it to make soap for washing or in burning it for light outside the mosques; yet it may neither be eaten nor sold. Impure oils are not purified by washing. This summarizes the position of Malik and a group of Medinan scholars. Some have permitted washing impure milk or oil, but no earlier authority supports that view.
It is permissible to feed impure fodder to animals whose flesh is not eaten. There is no objection to benefiting from the hair or wool of a dead animal, but it is impermissible to benefit from its feathers, sinews, or bones. Some scholars of Medina—among them ʿUrwa and Ibn Shihab—allow the use of ivory footwear and combs, whereas Malik’s considered view is that such use is disliked.
The hides of dead animals are impure, and after tanning they become pure; yet Malik restricts that purity to benefiting from them and using them with dry substances and with water alone, to the exclusion of all other liquids, and he