Chapter: Rituals That Cannot Be Rectified by a Blood-Offering Alone
At the beginning of the Book of Hajj we explained that its obligatory pillars are four: (1) entering the state of ihram, (2) standing at Arafah, (3) circumambulating the Kaʿbah (ṭawāf), and (4) traversing between Safa and Marwah (saʿy).
• Whoever neither intends Hajj or ʿumrah nor enters ihram for either of them with deliberate purpose has no Hajj.
• Whoever fails to stand at Arafah for the minimum required period—from sunset until daybreak on the Day of Sacrifice—has no Hajj.
• Whoever omits the ṭawāf al-ifadah must return from his homeland and perform it.

Mālik states in the Muwattaʾ: “If someone forgets the ṭawāf al-ifadah, leaves Mecca, and reaches his country, he must go back and perform that ṭawāf. Should he have had intercourse with his wife, he must return, complete the ṭawāf, then perform an ʿumrah and offer a sacrifice.” Mālik did not stipulate whether this ʿumrah precedes or follows the ṭawāf, nor did he attach any further conditions. This is the position adopted by the people of Medina—his own disciples and others.

As for the jurists of Egypt and the Maghreb, the summary of Mālik’s doctrine as transmitted by them is that both the arrival ṭawāf and the ṭawāf al-ifadah are obligatory; each may stand in place of the other—provided a sacrificial animal is offered—when someone forgets one of them and fails to perform it until after returning home, along with the supererogatory