—a full expiation.

Whoever digs a pit intended for predatory animals and a game animal falls into it and dies must pay its expiation; but if the pit was dug for some other purpose, whether in his own courtyard or elsewhere, he incurs no liability.

If game becomes entangled in the guy-ropes of a muhrim’s tent and dies, Mālik holds that no expiation is due, whereas Ibn al-Qāsim rules that he must pay it.

If the animal merely sees him, takes fright, and dies, no expiation is required; Ibn al-Qāsim, however, obligates it. Yet if someone actually startles the animal, both jurists agree that, should it die, he must pay the expiation.

Anyone who neither ordered hunting nor had game hunted for him may lawfully eat it, and nothing is owed.

In Mālik’s view it makes no difference whether the species is ordinarily eaten or not: a muhrim is forbidden to kill any game.

Anyone who assists the killer of game—whether the killing occurred in the sanctuary or the killer himself was in ihram—must likewise pay the expiation.

When a muhrim is driven by necessity and fears death from hunger, he may eat carrion but must not hunt.

Any game that a muhrim hunts and slaughters counts as carrion; according to Mālik it is unlawful for both muhrim and non-muhrim alike to eat it. There is no objection to a non-muhrim’s hunting for the sake of a muhrim, except when that hunt takes place after the latter has entered ihram; game taken before his ihram is unobjectionable.

If a muhrim directs a non-muhrim to game, or hands him a spear or sword and the man kills the animal with it, the muhrim has sinned but no expiation is due.

Whether the muhrim kills game unintentionally or deliberately, the expiation is equally obligatory.

If a muhrim and a non-muhrim jointly kill a single animal, the muhrim must pay a full expiation—unless the killing occurred inside the sanctuary, in which case each of them must pay a full expiation.

Whoever is outside the sanctuary and shoots game that is inside it, or is inside the sanctuary and shoots game outside, must pay the expiation, and the meat may not be eaten.

If he releases his dog within the sanctuary to pursue game and it captures the animal outside, the meat is not to be eaten and he must pay the expiation.

If, however, he looses his dog outside the sanctuary after game and the dog kills it inside the sanctuary, no expiation is due—unless