Al-KāfīIbn Abd al-Barr

Al-ʿUtbī related to Yaḥyā from Ibn al-Qāsim that his opinion on this issue varied: at one time he said, “The last portion of the time belongs to the later of the two prayers,” and at another he said, “The last portion is for whichever of the two has been missed.” On this point they display a good deal of inconsistency.

The safest course—and the one most worthy of adoption and reliance—is that if a traveler departs at a time when, because of duties that must take precedence, he cannot pray until the time has elapsed, he should regard that prayer as one whose period has already passed and make it up accordingly.

If a traveler leads a congregation consisting of both travelers and residents, the travelers give salām after two rakʿahs, while the residents stand and complete the prayer on their own, each individually. Should the residents appoint one of those who must complete the prayer to lead them, their prayer is invalid according to Mālik and most scholars.

When travelers and residents gather, it is preferable for a traveler to lead. If a resident leads and the travelers catch at least one rakʿah with him, then all of them must pray in full. Allah alone grants success.

وذكر العتبي ليحي عن ابن القاسم أنه اختلف قوله في ذلك فمرة قال: آخر الوقت لآخر الصلاتين، ومرة قال: آخر الوقت للفائتة منهما ولهم في هذا الباب كثير من الاضطراب. والاحتياط فيه أولى ما عمل به وعول عليه وذلك أن يكون المسافر إذا خرج إلى سفره في وقت لا يمكنه صلاة إلا بعد خروج الوقت لاشتغاله بما يلزمه تقديمه عليها أن يعمل فيها بمنزلة ما خرج وقته. ولو أن مسافرا صلى بمسافرين ومقيمين سلم المسافرون بسلامة من الركعتين وقام المقيمون فأتموا لأنفسهم فرادى ولو قدموا من يتم منهم فسدت صلاتهم عند مالك وأكثر أهل العلم وإذا اجتمع مسافرون ومقيمون فالأولى أن يتقدم بهم مسافر وإن تقدم بهم مقيم أتموا كلهم إذا أدركوا ركعة وبالله التوفيق

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