—and strive to make them happy to the utmost of his ability, for bringing joy to them is one of the finest manifestations of dutifulness. He must hasten to respond when they, or either of them, call him; if he is performing a supererogatory prayer he should shorten it and conclude, and he should address them in nothing but gracious words. It is also his duty to assist them in remaining dutiful to Allah by showing them gentleness and by treating their possessions considerately—for no servant attains obedience to Allah and the fulfillment of His obligations except through His help.

Honoring and treating the neighbor well is among the virtues of the people of religion, dignity, and lofty aspiration, whereas lying and tale-bearing are both disgraceful traits. It is unlawful for a Muslim to shun his brother for more than three days, unless he fears that mixing with him will corrupt his religion or undermine his honor; in that case a courteous severance is better than company marred by hidden malice. Extending the greeting of peace ends the estrangement. There is no harm, however, in boycotting the people of innovation, avoiding them, and withholding the greeting from them.

When someone enters a gathering, he should sit where the assembly ends and must not separate two companions, nor a father and son, nor two brothers, unless they give him leave. Making space for others is commendable, and accepting a lesser seat is an act of humility. Whoever reaches a place first has the stronger right to it until he rises without intending to return.

When drinking, one should pass the vessel to the person on his right, even if that person is the youngest present, and the one who serves is the last to drink. Whoever eats or drinks should do so with his right hand, avoiding the left except out of excuse or necessity, and a man should eat