liable for anything.

If someone is killed between two hostile groups who are fighting, the full diya (blood-money) is due—without recourse to the qasama oath-procedure—from the faction with which he was siding. If he belonged to neither, his diya is shared equally by both groups.

Whoever kills a marauding bandit, a thief who entered his house intending to kill him, or a camel that charged at him, incurs no liability whatsoever.

If prior notice is given to the owner of a vicious dog kept in a location where such an animal may lawfully be kept, and the dog subsequently mauls someone, the owner is liable for the injury it causes. The same applies when the owner is aware of the dog’s habit of biting yet continues to keep it confined. In any place where keeping such a dog is not permitted, the owner is liable for every injury it inflicts, whether or not he had previously been warned.

Al-Waqidi relates from Malik and Ibn Abī Dhīʿb that, if a man enters other people’s house without their permission and their vicious dog bites him, the household bears no liability, whether the dog was tethered or not.

Whoever severs the hand of a thief whose hand was already liable to amputation bears no liability.

If a man bites another man’s hand and the victim wrenches his hand free from the biter’s mouth, knocking out one of the biter’s incisors in the process, then—according to Malik—the victim is liable, and Malik’s companions explain this by saying that he could have withdrawn his hand without dislodging a tooth. The majority of scholars, however, hold that there is no liability in such a case, for it is authentically reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to the biter: “Should he leave his hand in your mouth for you to chew on it like a stallion? No diya is due for you.”