and one of them dies. Whether the remaining one-third of the estate is large enough to satisfy every bequest or not, the ruling is the same. If the third cannot cover the bequests and one of the named beneficiaries dies, then—provided the testator knew of that death and left the will unchanged—the deceased beneficiary’s share does not pass to the heirs but is redistributed among the other persons named with him in that clause. If, however, the testator was unaware of the death, the share reverts to the heirs and does not augment what remains for the other beneficiaries, even though their bequests may still be incomplete.

If a testator instructs that a particular slave be purchased for a stated price, or that a slave of specified characteristics be bought for a fixed sum, and the executor acquires that very slave—or a slave meeting the description—for less, the difference returns to the heirs.

Should a man direct that his slave be sold to whomever the slave chooses, and the slave selects a certain buyer who refuses to purchase him except at a reduced price, one-third of the slave’s market value is deducted for that buyer. If the buyer still declines, the slave remains wholly enslaved and no part of him is set free.

When a man bequeaths the emancipation of one of his slaves while he owns several whose prices differ, the emancipation applies only to a proportionate share of them. For example: a man owns ten slaves and bequeaths the freedom of one of them without specifying which. In that case, one-tenth of the total value is freed, determined by appraisal and by drawing lots. Each slave is valued, and one-tenth of the combined value is manumitted wherever the lot happens to fall, whether the portion be large or small.

If some of those slaves die after the testator’s death but before the bequest is executed, no account is taken of the deceased; the one-tenth is taken from what remains, exactly as described.

The same procedure applies when a man says simply, “One slave from among my slaves,” without naming him. The legatee receives one-tenth if the slaves are ten, one-eighth if they are eight, and one-sixth if they are six, the allocation being decided by shares and by lot as explained. Should some of the slaves die after the testator’s death, the share is taken from the survivors, and the will does not affect those who have died; and the same applies