If the slave then applies those coins to purchase his own freedom, thereby setting his neck free, that is commendable.
Whenever a specific item is left to someone in a will and its value is within the testator’s discretionary one-third, the bequest is carried out for him and no one may interfere.
Should an heir contend that the item exceeds the limit of that one-third and it is impossible to verify the claim, the heir is given a choice: either hand over the item itself or deliver to the beneficiary the deceased’s full one-third out of the entire estate.
If there is no cash on hand other than the item bequeathed while the deceased also owned property abroad or was owed debts, the heir must give the man his one-third share. The beneficiary then becomes a partner with the heirs in whatever new assets appear or debts are collected, and he pursues his rights alongside them.
If a testator declares, “One-third of my wealth is for the cause of Allah, for emancipating slaves, and for the poor,” that third is divided into three equal parts: one part for the cause of Allah, one for freeing slaves, and one for the poor. The meaning of “the cause of Allah” has already been discussed in the chapter on the distribution of alms.
If he says, “Two-thirds of my estate is to be spent on avenues of righteousness,” the executor exercises his judgment: when the amount is large he assigns a share to each recognized avenue. However, if people are in hardship, he concentrates the funds on those in need, whether they are relatives of the testator or others, so long as they are not heirs.
When a man bequeaths an unspecified “share” (juzʾ) of his wealth to one person and a named sum of dinars or dirhams to another, and the combined bequests exceed the one-third, three positions are reported from Mālik: (1) priority is given to the beneficiary of the unspecified share; (2) priority is given to the beneficiary of the specified sum; (3) all the beneficiaries share proportionally according to their respective bequests.
If someone bequeaths a specific item to another and that item perishes, the bequest is void.
And if he bequeaths his “clothes” to someone, possesses certain clothes on the day of the will, then sells them and acquires others