Al-KāfīIbn Abd al-Barr

Chapter on Executors
A person ought to choose with care the executor who will carry out his bequest and, if he so wishes, supervise the welfare of his children. Should he designate someone who is not trustworthy, the judge has the authority to annul that appointment and assign the task to another, for the property belongs to the heirs; and if the executor mishandles their affairs, the judge becomes their guardian.

If a man appoints someone as executor and the appointee accepts but then regrets his acceptance before the testator dies, the appointment may be cancelled if the testator releases him. If the testator does not release him, the executor is obliged to oversee the will, whether he likes it or not, provided he had formally testified to his acceptance; in that case the judge may compel him to proceed, so long as he is deemed trustworthy, unless he has a valid excuse.

When two executors are appointed, neither of them may conclude a sale, purchase, or marriage contract unless the other is present—unless one of them deputes the other and delegates the matter to him. They are not permitted to divide the estate; rather, it should be deposited with the more upright and more reliable of the two. If neither is just or trustworthy, both are removed from their post. If they are equal in integrity and competence, the judge reviews the case, the property is placed with one of them and

باب الاوصياء ينبغي للمرء ان يتخير الوصي لتنفيذ وصيته والنظر على بنيه اذا اراد ذلك واذا اوصى الى رجل غير مأمون كان للحاكم أن يفسخ وصيته وينقلها الى غيره لان المال للورثه فإذا اخطأ الميث في النظر لهم كان الحاكم ناظرا لهم واذا اوصى رجل الى رجل وقبل الموصي اليه ذلك ثم ندم قبل موت الموصي فإن اقاله الموصي جازت اقالته وان لم يقله ألزم النظر في الوصيه على ما احب أو كره إذا كان قد اشهد بالقبول على نفسه يجبره الحاكم على ذلك ان كان مأمونا ثقة الا ان يكون له عذر مقبول ومن أوصى الى وصيين لم يجز فعل احدهما في بيع ولا شراء ولا عقد نكاح حتى يحضر معه صاحبه الا ان يوكله ويفوض الامر اليه ولا يجوز لهما ان يقتسما المال وليكن عند اعدلهما واشدهما حرزا فإن لم يكن فيهما عدل ولا ثقه عزلا عن النظر في الوصيه فإن استويا في حسن الحال والنظر نظر الحاكم فوقف المال عند احدهما ولم

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