—that is, should one of them be overtaken by a life-threatening condition, he is treated like a patient whose dispositions are valid only within one-third of his estate. Any gift, charity, or other donation that such a patient places out of his possession is held in suspense until either his death or his recovery: if he dies, it is charged to the one-third; if he regains health, it is taken from the capital, and he may not revoke it unless he originally intended it as a bequest.

A patient whose life is in danger may still buy and sell, eat and dress, and have intercourse with his female slaves, but he may not practise withdrawal (coitus interruptus).

A bequest in favour of an intentional killer is invalid, whether it concerns property or blood-money. This applies when the bequest precedes the blow that caused death or the act of deliberate homicide. In a case of accidental killing, the killer may not receive a bequest from the blood-money, though he may receive one from the rest of the estate.

If a man bequeaths something to another and that legatee later kills him by mistake, the bequest is not annulled; but if he kills him deliberately, the bequest is void—unless the testator renews it after learning of the killing. For when the bequest follows the blow or the killing, it is valid in both deliberate and accidental homicide, with respect to property as well as blood-money.

An insolvent heir may not approve a bequest that exceeds one-third of an estate he stands to inherit without his creditors’ consent, nor may he acknowledge a bequest made by his father or admit the existence of a deposit left with him. He may do all these things only if they occur before his creditors lay claim against him.

The legatee acquires no entitlement until the testator’s death; if the legatee dies first, his heirs receive nothing. If the testator dies and thereafter the legatee dies before the will is carried out and before the estate is divided, the legatee’s heirs take his place.

If the testator bequeaths a dinar and the coinage is later altered, the legatee is entitled to the currency current among the people on the day of the testator’s death.

If a man bequeaths the emancipation of every one of his slaves who is Muslim, and he owns both Muslim and Christian slaves, then some of the Christians embrace Islam after the bequest, none of them are manumitted except those who were already Muslim at the time the bequest was made; no consideration is given to anyone who becomes Muslim either before the testator’s death or afterwards.