—nor any counter-payment. If a wealthy person gives a gift to a poor person in the hope of recompense, no entitlement to such recompense is recognized. The same rule applies to gifts of dinars and dirhams: they carry no right to compensation, and the donor may claim none unless he expressly stipulates it at the moment of gifting. Should the donor of a specific object set a condition for recompense, the judge rules in his favor for the object’s value to be repaid in merchandise of equal worth, not in the very same article, nor in silver or gold. The same holds for jewelry, except that when jewelry is given to a wealthy recipient an explicit stipulation is unnecessary.

No judgement for recompense is issued unless the gift is something of genuine substance for which recompense is ordinarily offered. When that condition is met and the donor demands payment, the recipient is free either to return the item or to reimburse its value as of the day it was bestowed. Whether the item has since increased or decreased in value, he is liable only for its value on the day he took possession—unless he returns it after it has grown or appreciated, in which case the increment accompanies it. He may not return it in a diminished state if it was sound when received; instead, he must pay its value calculated on the day of receipt. Once the donor has been compensated for that value, he has no further claim to retrieve the object.

If the two parties dispute the value of a gift that has already perished, the recipient’s word prevails upon his oath. Should the object have appreciated or depreciated, that change is treated as a total loss, and the recipient is compelled to pay its value as of the day of the gift. If he destroys or disposes of it while solvent, he must pay its value from the day he received it; if he does so while insolvent, he is not held liable—unless the donor knew of his insolvency when he made the gift.

When a blood-relative gives another relative a gift clearly intended as a compensatory one—such as a poor person giving to a wealthy kinsman—the ruling is in favour of the donor. Any gift offered purely for the sake of Allah, or in which the donor states, “This is for Allah,” is irrevocable; it is treated exactly like charity.