Al-Kāfī - Ibn Abd al-Barr - (1/225)

the prayer of the present time remains intact; for had it collapsed and become invalid, he would have been obliged to repeat it from the very beginning—so reflect.

Maintaining the proper order is obligatory with the force of a sunnah whenever one remembers, and it is waived when one forgets.

If someone has forgotten a prayer and does not know which one it was, he must perform the five prayers of an entire day and night. Should he know precisely which prayer it was, yet not the day on which it was missed, he performs that single prayer once; his ignorance of the exact day causes him no harm.

If a person recalls that he missed the dawn prayer and, at the moment of remembering, has already performed the noon and afternoon prayers, he should immediately offer the dawn prayer and then repeat the noon and afternoon prayers as a recommended precaution. If he remembers the missed dawn prayer only after sunset, he performs the dawn prayer alone.

Should someone pray the noon prayer while having forgotten dawn, then also forget that day’s afternoon prayer, and only remember after sunset, he performs the dawn and afternoon prayers, and nothing more.

When a person remembers a number of missed prayers exceeding those of a full day and night, during the time of an obligatory prayer whose time will pass before he can finish the missed ones, he begins with the prayer whose time has arrived. If, however, the prayers he has missed are five or fewer, he starts with those missed prayers and, upon completing them, performs the prayer of the present time.

If he recalls two missed prayers from two different days—one noon and one afternoon—and does not know which of the two preceded the other, he may start with whichever he prefers and end with it again, thereby performing three prayers in total. Even if one of the two was a traveler’s prayer and the other a resident’s prayer—and he remains unsure which was prayed while traveling, which while resident, and which preceded the other—he must perform six prayers; if he wishes, he may begin with the noon prayer

الوقت ولو انهدمت وفسدت لوجبت إعادتها أبدأ فتدبر. والترتيب واجب وجوب سنة مع الذكر وساقط مع النسيان ومن نسي صلاة لا يدري أي صلاة صلى صلاة يوم وليلة خمس صلوات فإن عرف الصلاة بعينها ولم يعرف من أي يوم هي صلاها ولم يضره جهل اليوم. ومن ذكر صلاة صبح فنسيها فصلاها بعد الظهر والعصر في حين ذكرها وأعاد الظهر والعصر استحبابا فإن لم يذكرها إلا بعد الغروب أعادها فقط. ومن صلى الظهر ولم يكن صلى الصبح لنسيان ونسي العصر من ذلك اليوم ثم ذكره بعد غروب الشمس صلى الصبح والعصر فقط. ومن ذكر صلوات كثيرة أكثر من صلوات يوم وليلة في وقت صلاة لا يمكنه أن يأتي بالصلوات إلا ووقت هذه قد فات بدأ بالتي حضر وقتها فإن كان الذي نسي خمس صلوات أو أدنى منهن بدأ بهن ثم صلى بعدهن الصلوات التي حضر وقتها ومن ذكر صلاتين نسيهما من يومين ظهرا وعصرا لا يدري أيتهما أولا بدأ بأيتهما شاء وختم بها ثلاث صلوات ولو كانت إحداهما سفرية والأخرى حضرية والمسألة بحالها لا يدري أيتهما نسي في الحضر ولا أيتهما نسي في السفر ولا أيتهما قبل صاحبتها صلى ست صلوات إن شاء صلى الظهر