It is this Lord in Whom we believe, Whom we worship, to Whom we pray and before Whom we prostrate. Anyone who directs his worship to a deity devoid of these attributes is in fact worshipping someone other than Allah, and that object of devotion is no god at all.
When Imām al-Juwaynī—may Allah have mercy on him—states this and delivers so fair a verdict against the negators, he is merely echoing the teachings of the Imams of the early generations,¹ as will be seen in the biography of Imām ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak, who said of the Jahmiyyah, “They claim that the God Who is in heaven is nothing.” Likewise, in the biography of ʿAbbād ibn al-ʿAwwām it is related: “Their final word ends up being that there is nothing in heaven; I hold that they should neither marry into our families nor inherit from us.” Similar statements are found in the biographies of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī, Wahb ibn Jarīr, al-Qaʿnabī, Abū Maʿmar al-Quṭayʿī, and other leading scholars. Yet they did not declare anyone an unbeliever on account of the Jahmī doctrine until that doctrine had actually reached him, as will be mentioned in the biography of Imām Ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī.
For this reason I voice the strongest reproach against today’s Muslim writers—save a few—who write about every aspect of Islam except the Salafi creed and the Muhammadan path. I single out in particular those charged with guiding the new generation to Islam, raising them by its standards and educating them with its culture. They make no attempt whatsoever to unify their concepts of Islam, a religion whose adherents have differed over it more than over anything else—contrary to what some of the heedless among them, or those feigning heedlessness, imagine: that the disagreement concerns only subsidiary matters and not fundamentals. Examples of this are plentiful, known to anyone who has studied the books on sects or is familiar with contemporary Muslim thought. One example suffices for our present discussion: Allah’s exaltedness above His creation. We, following the early generations, believe in it with firm, unwavering certainty, whereas others, following the later theologians, deny it or entertain doubts about it—and doubt categorically negates belief in it. Yet all of us are, as that doctor said, “believers in Allah” … So which of us is the true believer? The answer is well known to every group, although we are not in