to them, “What is the proof that the Qur’an is composed of letters and sound?1” they reply, “Allah has said such-and-such and His Messenger has said such-and-such,” and the Shaykh then cites the relevant verses and reports. Yet when you are asked, “What is the proof that the Qur’an is a mere ‘meaning subsisting’ in the mind?” you say, “Al-Akhtal said, ‘Verily speech is in the heart.’” Who is this Akhtal? A vile Christian! You have built your doctrine on a single line of his poetry and abandoned the Book and the Sunnah.
Abū Muḥammad al-Khashshāb, the Iraqi grammarian, said: “I searched extensively through the recorded poetry of al-Akhtal and never found this line.2”
I say: The subject of divine speech has its own place and is indeed subtle, but it is enough for a Muslim to believe that the Glorious Qur’an—magnified is the One who sent it down—is the speech of Allah, uncreated, the very words uttered by its Originator and Initiator, while admitting that our recitation, our voices, and our articulation of it are created. The Lord’s speaking is an attribute that necessarily pertains to His sanctified essence; its how is unknown. The words of Allah do not come to an end—“If the sea were ink for the words of my Lord, the sea would surely be exhausted before the words of my Lord were exhausted, even if We brought the like of it as a supplement” (Q 18:109). Thus His speech comes from His knowledge, and His knowledge is without limit; we encompass nothing of His knowledge except what He wills.
Shaykh Abū al-Bayān died in 551 AH.
314 – I say: Its chain of transmission is sound. Abū al-Maʿālī Asʿad—also called Muḥammad ibn al-Munajjā—was one of the outstanding Ḥanbalī jurists. A number of scholars heard from him, including the ḥadith-master al-Mundhirī, and Ibn Qudāmah studied fiqh under him. He died in 606 AH.