Mukhtasar al-Uluww lil-Ali al-AzimA-Dhahabi

131 – Al-Bayhaqī produced, with a sound chain, the report of Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Rushaydīnī from Ibn Wahb, who said:
“I was sitting with Mālik when a man entered and asked, ‘Abū ʿAbd Allāh, “The All-Merciful rose over the Throne” (Q 20:5) — how did He rise?’ Mālik lowered his head and perspiration covered him; then he raised his head and said, ‘The All-Merciful rose over the Throne as He has described Himself. One must not ask “how”; the “how” is inconceivable with respect to Him. You are an innovator — remove him.’”

111 – I say: I have found no biographical entry for him; he is Ibn Rushdīn ibn Saʿd, as appears in al-Bayhaqī’s chain. Al-Bayhaqī also related it through another route from Mālik. Taken together, the two chains make the report strong, and it gains further strength from what follows; perhaps for that reason the compiler, may Allah have mercy on him, affirmed it, as will be seen.

132 – Yahyā ibn Yahyā al-Taymī, Jaʿfar ibn ʿAbd Allāh, and others narrated:
A man came to Mālik and said, “Abū ʿAbd Allāh, ‘The All-Merciful rose over the Throne’ — how did He rise?” The narrator continues, “I never saw Mālik more upset¹ by anything than he was by those words; sweat poured from him — meaning perspiration — and everyone lowered their gaze. When Mālik had calmed down² he said, ‘The “how” is inconceivable, while the rising itself is not unknown³. Belief in it is obligatory, and asking about it is an innovation. I fear you are astray.’ He then ordered that the man be expelled.”

This is firmly established from Mālik, and a similar statement has already been cited from Rabīʿah, Mālik’s teacher. It is the unanimous position of Ahl al-Sunnah that the modality of the divine rising is beyond our comprehension — we do not know it — whereas the fact of His rising is known just as

(1) That is, rage and indignation. (2) His anxiety was dispelled. (3) In other words, the meaning of istiwaʾ is known. For this reason scholars, when quoting Imam Malik, report that he said: “al-istiwaʾ is known,” as al-Qurtubi relates—a citation that will appear at the end of the book. Accordingly, the linguistic sense of istiwaʾ is clear and can be explained or translated into another language; it belongs to the taʾwil (interpretation) accessible to those firmly grounded in knowledge. What is unknown is the manner (kayfiyya) of that istiwaʾ—an interpretation known only to Allah, just as His essence and the rest of His attributes are beyond human comprehension.
١٣١- وساق البيهقي بإسناد صحيح عن أبي الربيع الرشديني عن ابن وهب قال: كنت عند مالك فدخل رجل فقال: يا أبا عبد الله ﴿الرَّحْمَنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوَى﴾ كيف استوى؟ فأطرق مالك وأخذته الرحضاء، ثم رفع رأسه فقال: الرحمن على العرش استوى كما وصف نفسه، ولا يقال كيف، وكيف عنه مرفوع، وأنت صاحب بدعة، أخرجوه. ١١١- قلت: لم أجد له ترجمة وهو ابن رشدين بن سعد كما وقع في إسناد البيهقي. ثم أخرجه من طريق أخرى عن مالك به. فهو بمجموع الطريقين قوي عنه، ويزداد قوة بما بعده، ولعله لذلك ثبته المصنف رحمه الله تعالى كما يأتي. ١٣٢- وروى يحيى بن يحيى التيمي وجعفر بن عبد الله وطائفة قالوا: جاء رجل إلى مالك فقال: يا أبا عبد الله ﴿الرَّحْمَنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوَى﴾ كيف استوى؟ قال: فما رأيت مالكاً وجد١ من شيء كموجدته من مقالته، وعلاه الرحضاء "يعني العرق" وأطرق القوم، فسري٢ عن مالك وقال: الكيف غير معقول، والاستواء منه غير مجهول٣، والإيمان به واجب، والسؤال عنه بدعة، وإني أخاف أن تكون ضالاً، وأمر به فأخرج. هذا ثابت عن مالك، وتقدم نحوه عن ربيعة شيخ مالك، وهو قول أهل السنة قاطبة "أن كيفية الاستواء لا نعقلها، بل نجهلها، وأن استواءه معلوم كما
١ أي: تغيظ وحنق. ٢ انكشف عنه الهم. ٣ أي: فهو معلوم، ولذلك نرى أن العلم حينما ينقلون هذه الجملة، عن الإمام مالك يقولون عنه أنه قال: "الاستواء معلوم" كما في نقل القرطبي عنه كما سيأتي في آخر الكتاب. وعليه فالاستواء معلوم معنه لغة، بحيث يمكن تفسيره وترجمته إلى لغة أخرى، وهو من التأويل الذي يعلمه الراسخون في العلم، وأما كيفية الاستواء فهو التأويل الذي لا يعلمه إلا الله، كذاته تعالى وسائر صفاته.

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