Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

“Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make a mistake.”

Ahl al-Sunnah affirm with certainty that everyone who fears Allah Most High will attain salvation, as the Quran explicitly declares. They withhold judgment only concerning a particular individual, because they do not know whether he is among the God-fearing.

Such is also the case of the other proponents of weak views who, when the matter is unclear to them, invoke the apparent wording of the Quran to support positions contrary to the Sunnah—even though nothing in the Quran’s apparent wording contradicts the Sunnah. Examples include those among the Khawārij who say, “One must pray only four units of prayer while travelling”; those who say that praying four is preferable; and those who say, “We do not issue judgments on the basis of one witness and an oath.”

What the apparent wording of the Quran indicates is true. It is not a general expression whose scope has been restricted, for the wording conveys no generality here; rather, it is unrestricted, as in His words:

“Kill the polytheists.”

This is general with respect to individuals and unrestricted with respect to circumstances. Likewise, His words:

“Allah instructs you concerning your children”

are general with respect to children and unrestricted with respect to circumstances.

The term “apparent” may mean what appears to a person, or it may mean what the wording itself indicates. The former depends on people’s understanding, and much in the Quran contradicts faulty understanding.

{رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا} . وَأَهْلُ السُّنَّةِ جَزَمُوا بِالنَّجَاةِ لِكُلِّ مَنْ اتَّقَى اللَّهَ تَعَالَى؛ كَمَا نَطَقَ بِهِ الْقُرْآنُ وَإِنَّمَا تَوَقَّفُوا فِي شَخْصٍ مُعَيَّنٍ؛ لِعَدَمِ الْعِلْمِ بِدُخُولِهِ فِي الْمُتَّقِينَ. وَحَالُ سَائِرِ أَهْلِ الْأَقْوَالِ الضَّعِيفَةِ الَّذِينَ يَحْتَجُّونَ بِظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ عَلَى مَا يُخَالِفُ السُّنَّةَ إذَا خَفِيَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَعَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُوجَدْ فِي ظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ مَا يُخَالِفُ السُّنَّةَ كَمَنْ قَالَ: مِنْ الْخَوَارِجِ: لَا يُصَلِّي فِي السَّفَرِ إلَّا أَرْبَعًا. وَمَنْ قَالَ إنَّ الْأَرْبَعَ أَفْضَلُ. وَمَنْ قَالَ: لَا نَحْكُمُ بِشَاهِدِ وَيَمِينٍ. وَمَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ ظَاهِرُ الْقُرْآنِ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِعَامِّ مَخْصُوصٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ هُنَاكَ عُمُومٌ لَفْظِيٌّ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مُطْلَقٌ كَقَوْلِهِ: {فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ} فَإِنَّهُ عَامٌّ فِي الْأَعْيَانِ مُطْلَقٌ فِي الْأَحْوَالِ وَقَوْلِهِ: {يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ} عَامٌّ فِي الْأَوْلَادِ مُطْلَقٌ فِي الْأَحْوَالِ. وَلَفْظُ الظَّاهِرِ يُرَادُ بِهِ مَا يَظْهَرُ لِلْإِنْسَانِ وَقَدْ يُرَادُ بِهِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّفْظُ. فَالْأَوَّلُ يَكُونُ بِحَسَبِ مَفْهُومِ النَّاسِ وَفِي الْقُرْآنِ مِمَّا يُخَالِفُ الْفَهْمَ الْفَاسِدَ شَيْءٌ كَثِيرٌ.

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