The sixteenth argument:

Allah has commanded nothing without having created within the servant’s innate constitution the cause and impulse for fulfilling it, and made him need it; in it lie his well-being and perfection. He has commanded belief in Him, and every child is born upon the natural disposition. Hearts therefore possess the strongest grounds for knowing their Creator and acknowledging Him. He has commanded knowledge, truthfulness, justice, maintaining ties of kinship, fulfilling trusts, and other things that hearts recognize and love. Hence these are called “recognized good.” He has forbidden disbelief, which is the root of ignorance and injustice, as well as lying, injustice, miserliness, cowardice, and other things that hearts reject.

A human being commits forbidden evil only because he is ignorant of it or needs it—in the sense that he desires it, takes pleasure in its presence, or suffers from its absence. Ignorance is the absence of knowledge. Thus, forbidden conduct caused by ignorance results from failing to acquire the knowledge one has been commanded to acquire. Conduct caused by a need arising from desire or aversion results from failing to perform the commanded action corresponding to that need. For example, someone commits unlawful sexual intercourse because he has not sought chastity through lawful marriage, or eats forbidden food because he has not kept himself from the unlawful through the lawful provisions he has been commanded to use. Otherwise, if he performs the commanded action that frees him of any need for the unlawful, he will not fall into it.

It is thus established that Allah has created within the servant the cause and impulse for what He has commanded, and that what is forbidden