The first category: acts of obedience recognized by reason.
Calling them rational does not mean affirming that reason judges things good or bad in the disputed sense. Rather, what is meant is the rational assessment of good and bad upon which Muslims and others agree: securing benefits and averting harms. The point is simply that rational people agree in praising these acts.
Examples include truthfulness, justice, fulfilling trusts, benefiting people through wealth and services, knowledge, and worship, restraint, and renunciation considered in general. These include devotion, worship, glorification, humility, and all-encompassing religious observance, whose common character does not preclude their being directed to any object of worship or taking any form of worship. Humanity agrees upon this general category: everyone praises devotion as such, although some of its forms are sound and true, while others are corrupt and false.
Likewise, restraint in its commonly recognized sense includes refraining from taking life in general, from illicit sexual intercourse in general, and from wronging others. Similarly, renunciation in its commonly recognized sense includes abstaining from excess in food and clothing. Rational people express their belief in the goodness and obligatory nature of this category only because their worldly welfare cannot be secured without it. The same applies to the welfare of their religion, whether that religion is sound or corrupt.
These rational acts of obedience and worship are, in turn, of two kinds: