He also said:

Section

I have written in an earlier notebook that good deeds and acts of worship fall into three categories:

Rational: those shared by people of reason, believers and unbelievers alike.

Religious: those particular to adherents of religious faiths, such as worshipping Allah alone, without partner.

Specific to revealed law: those particular, for example, to the law of Islam.

All three categories are obligatory. In one sense, “prescribed by revealed law” encompasses all three categories, since all are prescribed; in another, it refers only to the distinctive element.

Knowledge and statements likewise fall into rational, religious, and revealed-law categories. The purely rational category includes what philosophers investigate concerning the general subjects of logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics. Hence, their ranks include both polytheists and believers. The religious category includes what speculative theologians investigate, such as establishing the existence of the Maker, prophethood, and revealed laws. For speculative theologians agree upon the testimony that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Yet in their treatises and discussions, they do not adhere to the judgment of the Book