Allah the Scripture, wisdom, and prophethood, and then say to the people, ‘Be servants of mine rather than of Allah.’” The passage continues to His words:

“Nor would he command you to take the angels and prophets as lords. Would he command you to disbelief after you have become Muslims?”

He thus made clear that taking the angels and prophets as lords constitutes disbelief. It is well known that no created being has claimed that the prophets, scholars, monks, or the Messiah, son of Mary, shared with Allah in creating the heavens and the earth. Indeed, no one has even claimed that the world has two makers equal in their attributes and actions.

Nor has any descendant of Adam affirmed the existence of a god equal to Allah in all His attributes. Rather, most of those who associate partners with Allah acknowledge that the partner they associate with Him is not His equal. Indeed, most acknowledge that this partner belongs to Him, whether it is an angel, a prophet, a celestial body, or an idol. Thus, the Arab polytheists used to say in their pilgrimage invocation:

“Here I am at Your service. You have no partner except a partner who belongs to You: You own him and whatever he owns.”

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, raised his voice proclaiming Allah’s oneness, saying:

“Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am. Here I am; You have no partner; here I am. Indeed, all praise and blessings are Yours, as is sovereignty. You have no partner.”

The writers on religious doctrines have recorded what they collected of the views of earlier and later peoples concerning religions, sects, opinions, and beliefs. Yet they have not reported anyone affirming a partner who shares with Him in creating all created things, or an equal to Him in all His attributes. Rather, among the most significant