Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (20/42)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

Shaykh al-Islām said:

When a heart filled with reverence for Allah prefers one view solely on the basis of its own judgment, that preference has a basis in the Sacred Law.

He said:

Whenever something occurs to a person and takes hold in his heart, leading him to think that a particular course or statement is more pleasing to Allah and His Messenger, his preference rests on evidence recognized by the Sacred Law. (*) Those who denied that inspiration is not a path to truths at all were mistaken. When a servant strives to obey Allah and remain mindful of Him, his preference for a particular view is stronger than many weak proofs. The inspiration received by such a person constitutes evidence for him. It is stronger than many weak and imagined analogies, apparent textual meanings, and numerous presumptions of continuity invoked by many who engage in discussions of legal schools, juristic disagreements, and the principles of jurisprudence.

ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb said:

“Draw near to those who obey Allah and listen to what they say, for true matters become clear to them.”

There is also the hadith narrated by Makhūl and traced back to the Prophet:

“No servant devotes his worship sincerely to Allah Most High for forty days without Allah causing wisdom to flow into his heart and his tongue to speak it.” In another version: “…without springs of wisdom flowing from his heart onto his tongue.”

Abū Sulaymān al-Dārānī said:

“Indeed, when hearts unite

(*) Shaykh Nāsir ibn Hamad al-Fahd said (pp. 159–160): There are two points here: First, the presence of qāla (“he said”) here after the first line indicates that this passage contains an omission, an abridgment, or something similar. I have not found the original passage in the printed edition. However, a detailed discussion of this issue—inspiration (ilhām)—appears at 10/472 and serves as something of a commentary on this extract. Second, in the wording here, “and there arose in his heart mā batana ma‘ahu that this matter…,” the correct reading is mā yuzannu ma‘ahu (“what leads one to think”), as the context requires. Likewise, discussing the same issue at 10/473, he says: “In general, whenever something arises that leads one to think that one of the two alternatives…” And Allah Most High knows best.

وَقَالَ شَيْخُ الْإِسْلَامِ: الْقَلْبُ الْمَعْمُورُ بِالتَّقْوَى إذَا رَجَّحَ بِمُجَرَّدِ رَأْيِهِ فَهُوَ تَرْجِيحٌ شَرْعِيٌّ. قَالَ: فَمَتَى مَا وَقَعَ عِنْدَهُ وَحَصَلَ فِي قَلْبِهِ مَا بَطَنَ مَعَهُ إنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ أَوْ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ أَرْضَى لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كَانَ هَذَا تَرْجِيحًا بِدَلِيلِ شَرْعِيٍّ (*) وَاَلَّذِينَ أَنْكَرُوا كَوْنَ الْإِلْهَامِ لَيْسَ طَرِيقًا إلَى الْحَقَائِقِ مُطْلَقًا أَخْطَؤُوا فَإِذَا اجْتَهَدَ الْعَبْدُ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَتَقْوَاهُ كَانَ تَرْجِيحُهُ لِمَا رَجَّحَ أَقْوَى مِنْ أَدِلَّةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ ضَعِيفَةٍ فَإِلْهَامُ مِثْلِ هَذَا دَلِيلٌ فِي حَقِّهِ وَهُوَ أَقْوَى مِنْ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ الْأَقْيِسَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ وَالْمَوْهُومَةِ وَالظَّوَاهِرِ والاستصحابات الْكَثِيرَةِ الَّتِي يَحْتَجُّ بِهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنْ الْخَائِضِينَ فِي الْمَذَاهِبِ وَالْخِلَافِ؛ وَأُصُولِ الْفِقْهِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: اقْرَبُوا مِنْ أَفْوَاهِ الْمُطِيعِينَ وَاسْمَعُوا مِنْهُمْ مَا يَقُولُونَ؛ فَإِنَّهُمْ تَتَجَلَّى لَهُمْ أُمُورٌ صَادِقَةٌ. وَحَدِيثُ مَكْحُولٍ الْمَرْفُوعُ {مَا أَخْلَصَ عَبْدٌ الْعِبَادَةَ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا إلَّا أَجْرَى اللَّهُ الْحِكْمَةَ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ؛ وَأَنْطَقَ بِهَا لِسَانَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ إلَّا ظَهَرَتْ يَنَابِيعُ الْحِكْمَةِ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ} . وَقَالَ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الداراني: إنَّ الْقُلُوبَ إذَا اجْتَمَعَتْ

(*) قال الشيخ ناصر بن حمد الفهد (ص ١٥٩ - ١٦٠): هنا أمران: الأول: أن وجود (قال) في هذا الموضع بعد السطر الأول يدل على أن هذا الكلام فيه حذف، أو اتختصار، أو نحو ذلك، ولم أجد أصل هذا في المطبوع، إلا أن تفصيل هذه المسألة وهي (الإلهام) تجدها في (١٠/ ٤٧٢) وهو مثل الشرح لهذه القطعة. والثاني: أن قوله هنا (وحصل في قلبه ما بطن معه أن هذا الأمر. . .) صوابه (ما يظن معه) كما يقتضيه السياق، وكما قال في (١٠/ ٤٧٣) عن نفس المسألة: (ففي الجملة متى حصل ما يظن معه أن أحد الأمرين. . .)، والله تعالى أعلم.