He also said:

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The commanded acts of worship—such as faith in its entirety and its branches, including prayer, ablution, ritual bathing, pilgrimage, fasting, jihad, recitation, remembrance of Allah, and other acts—have three possible states, though sometimes only two are prescribed for them. A servant may either confine himself to what is obligatory, also perform what is recommended, or fall short of what is obligatory.

The first is the state of those who take a middle course in that act of worship, even if they are foremost in others. The second is the state of one who is foremost in it. The third is the state of one who wrongs himself in it.

A complete act of worship sometimes means one in which all obligations have been fulfilled, and sometimes one in which the recommended elements have also been performed. In contrast to a complete act stands a deficient one. Deficiency may mean omitting some of its obligations, or it may mean leaving out some of its recommended elements.

As for understanding completeness to mean completeness through the recommended elements, this is the predominant usage among jurists when discussing purification, prayer, and other matters. They say:

Ablution is divided into complete and sufficient forms. Ritual bathing is likewise divided into complete and sufficient forms. By “sufficient,” they mean restricting oneself