Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

The word “Kaaba” originally names the structure itself, but in the Quran it is also used to include the surrounding area, as in His words:

“An offering to be brought to the Kaaba.”

Likewise, “the Sacred Mosque” denotes both the mosque and the surrounding sanctuary. Similarly, Badr is the name of a well, but the surrounding area is also called by that name. Uhud, too, is the name of the mountain, yet it includes the surrounding area. Thus, people say, “The battle took place at Uhud,” although it actually took place below the mountain.

The same applies to places named after a mountain pass or a palace. Al-‘Uqayba is the diminutive of al-‘Aqaba (the mountain pass), and al-Qusayr is the diminutive of qasr (palace). There may originally have been a small palace or a small pass there, after which the name came to encompass the surrounding area, however extensive. This is very common in place names.

The point is that someone moving about among the dwellings is not called a traveler. If people customarily spend the night in their orchards and have dwellings there, going out to them is like going to another part of their residential area. A traveler is therefore not a traveler until he emerges, becoming exposed and visible in the open country beyond the dwellings, where the wayfarer does not travel but ordinarily becomes visible and exposed. The point is that what constitutes travel is determined by the meaning of the word in language and customary usage.

وَلَفْظُ الْكَعْبَةِ هُوَ فِي الْأَصْلِ اسْمٌ لِنَفْسِ الْبِنْيَةِ ثُمَّ فِي الْقُرْآنِ قَدْ اُسْتُعْمِلَ فِيمَا حَوْلَهَا كَقَوْلِهِ: {هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ} . وَكَذَلِكَ لَفْظُ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ يُعَبَّرُ بِهِ عَنْ الْمَسْجِدِ وَعَمَّا حَوْلَهُ مِنْ الْحَرَمِ وَكَذَلِكَ لَفْظُ بَدْرٍ هُوَ اسْمٌ لِلْبِئْرِ وَيُسَمَّى بِهِ مَا حَوْلَهَا. وَكَذَلِكَ أُحُدٌ اسْمٌ لِلْجَبَلِ وَيَتَنَاوَلُ مَا حَوْلَهُ فَيُقَالُ: كَانَتْ الْوَقْعَةُ بِأُحُدٍ؛ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ الْجَبَلِ وَكَذَلِكَ يُقَالُ لِمَكَانِ الْعَقَبَةِ وَلِمَكَانِ الْقَصْرِ والعقيبة تَصْغِيرُ الْعَقَبَةِ والقصير تَصْغِيرُ قَصْرٍ وَيَكُونُ قَدْ كَانَ هُنَاكَ قَصْرٌ صَغِيرٌ أَوْ عَقَبَةٌ صَغِيرَةٌ ثُمَّ صَارَ الِاسْمُ شَامِلًا لِمَا حَوْلَ ذَلِكَ مَعَ كِبْرِهِ فَهَذَا كَثِيرٌ غَالِبٌ فِي أَسْمَاءِ الْبِقَاعِ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ الْمُتَرَدِّدَ فِي الْمَسَاكِنِ لَا يُسَمَّى مُسَافِرًا وَإِذَا كَانَ النَّاسُ يَعْتَادُونَ الْمَبِيتَ فِي بَسَاتِينِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مَسَاكِنُ كَانَ خُرُوجُهُمْ إلَيْهَا كَخُرُوجِهِمْ إلَى بَعْضِ نَوَاحِي مَسَاكِنِهِمْ فَلَا يَكُونُ الْمُسَافِرُ مُسَافِرًا حَتَّى يُسْفِرَ فَيَكْشِفَ وَيُظْهِرَ لِلْبَرِيَّةِ الْخَارِجَةِ عَنْ الْمَسَاكِنِ الَّتِي لَا يَسِيرُ السَّائِرُ فِيهَا بَلْ يَظْهَرُ فِيهَا وَيَنْكَشِفُ فِي الْعَادَةِ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ السَّفَرَ يَرْجِعُ فِيهِ إلَى مُسَمَّاهُ لُغَةً وَعُرْفًا.

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