and stands as a guardian over it, affirming the truth contained in those scriptures, invalidating what has been distorted in them, and abrogating what Allah has abrogated. It thus affirms the true religion, which constitutes most of their contents, and invalidates the altered religion that was not originally in them, as well as the small portion of their contents that has been abrogated. What has been abrogated is indeed very little compared with what remains in force and is reaffirmed.

All the prophets share one religion. Believing in any of them necessarily entails believing in all the others, and obeying any of them entails obeying all the others. The same applies to denial and disobedience.

No prophet may deny another prophet. Rather, if he knows of him, he affirms him; otherwise, he believes without qualification in everything Allah has revealed. He also commands obedience to whomever Allah has commanded people to obey. Thus, whoever believes in Muhammad has believed in every prophet; whoever obeys him has obeyed every prophet; whoever denies him has denied every prophet; and whoever disobeys him has disobeyed every prophet. Allah Most High says:

“Indeed, those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, wish to make a distinction between Allah and His messengers, say, ‘We believe in some and disbelieve in others,’ and seek to take a path in between—it is they who are truly disbelievers.”

Allah Most High also says:

“Do you then believe in part of the Scripture and disbelieve in another part? What recompense is there for those among you who do this except disgrace in this worldly life? And on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the severest punishment. Allah is not unaware of what you do.”

Whoever denies these messengers by rejecting messengership itself has explicitly declared that he denies them all. Hence Allah Most High says:

“The people of Noah denied the messengers,”

although He had not