“Indeed, this and what Moses brought come from the same source.” Al-Najāshī said likewise.

The Quran and the Torah are thus two scriptures from Allah; no scripture giving better guidance than these two has come from Him. Each is an independent foundation, and the religion contained in them is one and the same. Each affirms the attributes of Allah Most High and commands worship of Him alone, without partner. Both therefore teach Allah’s oneness in profession and practice, as do the two surahs of pure devotion:

“Say: O disbelievers,”

and

“Say: He is Allah, One.”

As for the Psalms, David brought no law other than that of the Torah. The Psalms contain only praise of Allah, supplication, and general commands and prohibitions concerning His religion, obedience to Him, and worship of Him.

As for the Messiah, he said:

“And to make lawful for you some of what was forbidden to you.”

He thus permitted some forbidden things for them, while largely following the law of the Torah. For this reason, anyone who followed the Messiah had to read the Torah and follow its teachings, since the Gospel was supplementary to it.

The Quran, however, is self-sufficient: it has not left its followers in need of any other scripture. Rather, it encompasses all the good contained in the other scriptures, along with many additional teachings not found in them. For this reason, it confirms the Scripture that came before it