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We shall set out several principles concerning this.

The first concerns the effect of beliefs in averting punishment and prescribed legal penalties. We say: Certain rulings of Islamic law are supported by known, conclusive evidence, such as the Quran, the Sunnah established by mass transmission, and clear consensus. These include the obligation of prayer, zakat, pilgrimage and fasting, and the prohibition of unlawful sexual intercourse, wine and usury.

If this evidence reaches a legally accountable person in a manner that enables him to follow it, but he acts contrary to it, neglecting his duty towards Allah and transgressing His limits, then he is undoubtedly mistaken and sinful. Such conduct is grounds for Allah’s punishment in this world and the Hereafter. For Allah has established His proof against His creation through the messengers whom He sent to them as bearers of glad tidings and warners:

“So that people would have no argument against Allah after the messengers.”

The Most High says concerning the people of the Fire:

“Whenever a group is cast into it, its keepers will ask them, ‘Did no warner come to you?’”

“They will say, ‘Yes, a warner did come to us, but we denied him and said: Allah has revealed nothing; you are only in great error.’”

The Most High also says:

“Those who disbelieved will be driven to Hell in groups until, when they reach it, its gates will be opened, and its keepers will say to them, ‘Did messengers from among yourselves not come to you, reciting to you the verses of your Lord and warning you of