and insulting and cursing them, and other such words, the intended aim has been achieved. Even if this causes some of the jinn to fall ill or die, they have wronged themselves, provided that the healer who recites protective prayers and supplicates has not transgressed against them. Many practitioners of incantations do transgress against them: they order the killing of those whom it is unlawful to kill, and may imprison those whom there is no need to imprison. The jinn may therefore fight them over this. Some are killed or made ill by the jinn; in other cases, the jinn do the same to their families, children, or animals.

As for someone who repels their hostility by following the just course commanded by Allah and His Messenger, he has not wronged them. Rather, he is obeying Allah and His Messenger by supporting the oppressed, helping those in distress, and relieving the anguished through lawful means involving neither the association of created beings with Allah nor injustice towards any creature. The jinn do not harm such a person, either because they know he is just or because they are unable to do so.

If, however, the jinn are powerful and he is weak, they may harm him. Such a person should therefore protect himself by reciting passages that seek refuge in Allah, such as the Verse of the Throne and the surahs of refuge, and through prayer, supplication, and other practices that strengthen faith and help him avoid the sins through which they gain power over him. He is striving in Allah’s cause, and this is among the greatest forms of jihad. He should therefore beware lest his sins help the enemy against him. If the matter exceeds his ability, Allah does not burden any soul beyond its capacity, so he should not expose himself to trials he cannot bear.

Among the greatest means of gaining victory over them is the Verse of the Throne, for it is authentically reported in the Sahīh of