to kill someone he wants killed, help him commit an indecent act, or engage in one with him. For this reason, in many of these practices they write Allah’s words with impure substances—sometimes reversing the letters of the words of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, whether those of al-Fātihah, “Say, He is Allah, One,” or other passages—using blood or something else; or they write them without any impure substance. Alternatively, they write other things that please Satan, or utter them.

When they say or write what pleases the devils, the devils help them achieve some of their aims: making water sink underground, carrying someone through the air to certain places, or bringing him wealth belonging to other people. Thus, the devils steal property belonging to dishonest people, and property over which Allah’s name has not been mentioned, and bring it to him. They may also do other things. For each of these kinds of activity, I know specific incidents and people among my acquaintances to whom they happened. Recounting them would take a long time, for such people are very numerous.

The point is that Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sent to both humankind and jinn. The jinn listened to his recitation and returned to their people as warners, as Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has related. This is a matter of agreement among Muslims.

Furthermore, most Muslims, including the Companions, the Successors, and others, hold that the jinn subsequently came to him, that he recited the Quran to them, and that they pledged allegiance to him. They asked him for provisions for themselves and their animals, and he said to them: “You shall have every bone