and refrain from attacking them. Invite them to Islam; if they accept, accept it from them and refrain from attacking them. Then invite them to move from their homeland to the land of the Emigrants, and inform them that if they do so, they will have the same rights and obligations as the Emigrants. If they refuse to move, inform them that they will be like the Muslim Bedouins: they will be subject to Allah’s law as it applies to the believers, but they will have no share in the spoils of war or property acquired without fighting unless they fight alongside the Muslims. If they refuse, ask them to pay jizyah. If they agree, accept it from them and refrain from attacking them. If they refuse, seek Allah’s help against them and fight them.

When you besiege the people of a fortress and they ask you to grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet, do not grant them the protection of Allah or His Prophet. Rather, grant them your own protection and that of your companions, for violating your own pledges of protection and those of your companions is less grave than violating the protection of Allah and His Messenger. When you besiege the people of a fortress and they ask you to let them surrender subject to Allah’s judgment, do not let them surrender subject to Allah’s judgment. Rather, let them surrender subject to your judgment, for you do not know whether your judgment concerning them will accord with Allah’s judgment or not.’”

They say:

In this hadith, he commanded those whom he sent out to invite the disbelievers to Islam, then to migrate to the towns, and otherwise to pay jizyah. If they did not migrate, they would be like the Muslim Bedouins. The Bedouins had mostly been polytheists, so this indicates that he called upon those whom he besieged, whether polytheists or People of the Book, to pay jizyah. There were many fortresses in Yemen after the verse concerning jizyah was revealed. As for the people of Yemen, there were