Thus, the hadith encompasses seeking refuge from harm both at its source and in its ultimate outcome. For the source of harm is the evil within the soul, while its ultimate outcome is the punishment for sin. On this understanding, he sought refuge from harm that has not yet occurred, though its cause is already present, asking that it not come to pass. For the soul has a propensity for evil, and deeds warrant punishment. He therefore sought refuge lest the evil within his soul come to pass or the punishment for his deeds befall him.

It may, however, be said that evil is the disposition inherent in the soul that gives rise to sins. This disposition already exists, just as Satan exists. He therefore sought refuge from it lest it harm or afflict him, just as one says:

“I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed.”

If, however, it is understood as the evils that actually occur—namely, the sins that proceed from the soul—then this constitutes a third category.