by the children of Adam; for their need for a law containing commands and prohibitions is greater than their need for food and clothing. This is a broad subject whose detailed explanation belongs elsewhere.

We have merely drawn attention to the comprehensive statements and beneficial principles contained in the hadith through brief observations that alert the discerning reader to what these realities share and what distinguishes them—distinctions that separate truth from falsehood in these difficult matters—within the space afforded by the questioner’s sheets.

May Allah benefit us and all our believing brethren through what we have learned, teach us what will benefit us, and increase us in knowledge. There is no power or strength except through Allah, and no refuge from Him except with Him. To Him belong all blessings and bounty, and to Him belongs all worthy praise. I ask Allah the Most Great to forgive me and all our believing brethren.

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds. May Allah bless Muhammad and his family and grant them abundant peace.