Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

As for the dual form, it indicates a limited number, and He is exalted above that. Thus, if He said:

“What prevented you from prostrating to what I created with My two hands?”

this would not be equivalent to His words:

“From what Our hands have made.”

This is analogous to His words:

“In His hand is the dominion,”

and “In His hand is all good.” Even if He said, “I created,” using the singular form, it would differ from the other expression; how much more so when He says, “I created with My two hands,” using the dual form?

Alongside this is the evidence of the widely transmitted—indeed, mass-transmitted—hadiths, and the consensus of the early generations on what the Quran indicates, as explained at length elsewhere. One example is his statement:

“Those who act justly will be with Allah on pulpits of light, to the right of the Most Merciful—and both His hands are right hands: those who are just in their judgments, with their families, and in whatever is entrusted to them.”

There are other similar examples.

If the speaker believes that the apparent meaning of the texts whose meaning is disputed is of the same kind as the apparent meaning of those whose meaning is agreed upon—with the apparent meaning being intended in all of them—then, when Allah declared that He knows all things and has power over all things, and Ahl al-Sunnah and the leading scholars of the Muslims agreed that these statements are to be understood according to their apparent meaning and that this meaning is intended, it was understood that they did not mean that His knowledge is like our knowledge or His power like our power.

Likewise, when they agreed that He is truly living, truly knowing, and truly powerful, they did not mean that He is like a created being who possesses life, knowledge, and power. Similarly, when they say that His words, exalted is He:

“He loves them, and they love Him,”

“Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him,”

and:

“Then He rose over the Throne,”

are to be understood according to their apparent meaning, this does not imply that their apparent meaning entails a rising like that of a created being, love like its love, or pleasure like its pleasure.

وَأَمَّا صِيغَةُ التَّثْنِيَةِ فَتَدُلُّ عَلَى الْعَدَدِ الْمَحْصُورِ وَهُوَ مُقَدَّسٌ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَوْ قَالَ: {مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ} لَمَا كَانَ كَقَوْلِهِ: {مِمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينَا} وَهُوَ نَظِيرُ قَوْلِهِ: {بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْكُ} وَبِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ وَلَوْ قَالَ خَلَقْت بِصِيغَةِ الْإِفْرَادِ لَكَانَ مُفَارِقًا لَهُ؛ فَكَيْفَ إذَا قَالَ خَلَقْت بِيَدَيَّ؟ بِصِيغَةِ التَّثْنِيَةِ هَذَا مَعَ دَلَالَاتِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْمُسْتَفِيضَةِ بَلْ الْمُتَوَاتِرَةِ وَإِجْمَاعِ السَّلَفِ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ كَمَا هُوَ مَبْسُوطٌ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِ: {الْمُقْسِطُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ: الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ وَمَا وُلُّوا} وَأَمْثَالُ ذَلِكَ وَإِنْ كَانَ الْقَائِلُ يَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ ظَاهِرَ النُّصُوصِ الْمُتَنَازَعِ فِي مَعْنَاهَا مِنْ جِنْسِ ظَاهِرِ النُّصُوصِ الْمُتَّفَقِ عَلَى مَعْنَاهَا - وَالظَّاهِرُ هُوَ الْمُرَادُ فِي الْجَمِيعِ - فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا أَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ وَأَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَاتَّفَقَ أَهْلُ السُّنَّةِ وَأَئِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا عَلَى ظَاهِرِهِ وَأَنَّ ظَاهِرَ ذَلِكَ مُرَادٌ: كَانَ مِنْ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُرِيدُوا بِهَذَا الظَّاهِرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِلْمُهُ كَعِلْمِنَا وَقُدْرَتُهُ كَقُدْرَتِنَا وَكَذَلِكَ لَمَّا اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ حَيٌّ حَقِيقَةً عَالِمٌ حَقِيقَةً قَادِرٌ حَقِيقَةً؛ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُرَادُهُمْ أَنَّهُ مِثْلُ الْمَخْلُوقِ الَّذِي هُوَ حَيٌّ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ؛ فَكَذَلِكَ إذَا قَالُوا فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى {يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ} {رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ} وَقَوْلِهِ: {ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ} أَنَّهُ عَلَى ظَاهِرِهِ لَمْ يَقْتَضِ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ ظَاهِرُهُ اسْتِوَاءً كَاسْتِوَاءِ الْمَخْلُوقِ وَلَا حُبًّا كَحُبِّهِ وَلَا رِضًا كَرِضَاهُ

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