Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

They are therefore told: Created beings’ knowledge that it is impossible for anything to lack both of these contradictories is universal; no existing being is exempt from it. As for the “spatial location” mentioned: if it means that existing regions of space encompass Him, then this means being within the world. If it means that He is separate from created beings—that is, distinct from them and apart from them—then this means being outside the world.

Thus, “what has spatial location” sometimes refers to what is within the world and sometimes to what is outside it. To say, “He has no spatial location,” therefore means that He is neither within the world nor outside it. They have changed the wording to mislead those who do not understand the true meaning of their statement into thinking that this is a different meaning. Yet it is the very meaning whose invalidity is self-evident to reason, just as those others did when they said, “He is neither living nor dead, neither existent nor non-existent, neither knowing nor ignorant.”

فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ عِلْمُ الْخَلْقِ بِامْتِنَاعِ الْخُلُوِّ مِنْهُ هَذَيْنِ النَّقِيضَيْنِ: هُوَ عِلْمٌ مُطْلَقٌ لَا يُسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ مَوْجُودٌ وَالتَّحَيُّزُ الْمَذْكُورُ: إنْ أُرِيدَ بِهِ كَوْنُ الأحياز الْمَوْجُودَةِ تُحِيطُ بِهِ فَهَذَا هُوَ الدَّاخِلُ فِي الْعَالَمِ؛ وَإِنْ أُرِيدَ بِهِ أَنَّهُ مُنْحَازٌ عَنْ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ؛ أَيْ مُبَايِنٌ لَهَا مُتَمَيِّزٌ عَنْهَا فَهَذَا هُوَ الْخُرُوجُ فَالْمُتَحَيِّزُ يُرَادُ بِهِ تَارَةً مَا هُوَ دَاخِلُ الْعَالَمِ وَتَارَةً مَا هُوَ خَارِجُ الْعَالَمِ فَإِذَا قِيلَ لَيْسَ بِمُتَحَيِّزِ كَانَ مَعْنَاهُ لَيْسَ بِدَاخِلِ الْعَالَمِ وَلَا خَارِجَهُ، فَهُمْ غَيَّرُوا الْعِبَارَةَ لِيُوهِمُوا مَنْ لَا يَفْهَمُ حَقِيقَةَ قَوْلِهِمْ أَنَّ هَذَا مَعْنًى آخَرَ وَهُوَ الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي عُلِمَ فَسَادُهُ بِضَرُورَةِ الْعَقْلِ؛ كَمَا فَعَلَ أُولَئِكَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ لَيْسَ بِحَيِّ وَلَا مَيِّتٍ وَلَا مَوْجُودٍ وَلَا مَعْدُومٍ وَلَا عَالِمٍ وَلَا جَاهِلٍ.

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