And these words of His—glory be to Him—are both a statement and a performative utterance, conveying that mercy precedes anger and prevails over it. He—glory be to Him—does not call upon another to act, as the angels and other creatures call upon Him. Rather, He expresses what He calls for through His command, His word, and His oath, as when He says:

“I shall surely do such-and-such.”

And:

“Be—and it is.”

His saying, “I shall surely do such-and-such,” is an oath on His part, as in His words:

“I will surely fill Hell with you and those who follow you.”

And:

“But My word has come to pass: I will surely fill Hell with jinn and mankind all together.”

And:

“Allah has promised those among you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession in the land, just as He granted succession to those before them; that He will surely establish for them their religion which He has approved for them; and that He will surely replace their fear with security.”

And:

“Allah has decreed: ‘I and My messengers will surely prevail.’ Indeed, Allah is Powerful, Almighty.”

This is a promise reinforced by an oath, unlike His words:

“We will surely support Our messengers and those who believe in the life of this world.”

This is a promise and a statement containing no oath, though it is emphasized by the particle lām, which can mark the response to an oath. His words:

“Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will take.”

And:

“And when Allah promised you one of the two groups.”

And similar expressions are promises without further reinforcement.

Allah Most High has said:

“It is not for any human being that Allah should speak to him except through revelation, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger who then reveals, by His permission, whatever He wills.”

He thus states that He gives revelation to human beings, sometimes through revelation from Himself, and at other times by sending a messenger, whereupon whatever He wills is revealed to the messenger by His permission.