Majmu' al-Fatawa - Ibn Taimiya - (17/493)

Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

If the ruler were to conquer a town and consider it most likely that its people would embrace Islam and fight in jihad, he would be permitted to grant them clemency, leaving them their freedom, property, and children, as the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did with the people of Mecca. They all embraced Islam, without dispute, unlike the people of Khaybar, none of whom embraced Islam. He therefore divided the land of the latter because they were unbelievers who persisted in unbelief, whereas he left the former their land because they had all become Muslims. The purpose of jihad is for Allah’s word to be supreme and for religion to be entirely for Allah. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to give gifts to those whose hearts he sought to win over to Islam. How, then, would he not win them over by allowing them to retain their homes and property?

When they accompanied him at Hunayn, he gave them enough of its spoils to win their hearts, to the point that some of the Ansār expressed displeasure, as related in the two Sahīh collections on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik:

“On the day of Hunayn, when Allah granted His Messenger the wealth of Hawāzin that He granted him, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began giving certain men of Quraysh a hundred camels each. Some of the Ansār said:

‘May Allah forgive the Messenger of Allah! He gives to Quraysh and leaves us with nothing, while our swords are still dripping with their blood.’

Anas said: Their words were reported to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent for the Ansār and gathered them in a leather tent. Once they had assembled, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to them and said, ‘What is this that I have heard you saying?’

Those versed in religion among the Ansār replied, ‘As for those of sound judgment among us, O Messenger of Allah, they said nothing. But some of our younger men

وَلَوْ فَتَحَ الْإِمَامُ بَلَدًا وَغَلَبَ عَلَى ظَنِّهِ أَنَّ أَهْلَهُ يُسْلِمُونَ وَيُجَاهِدُونَ جَازَ أَنْ يَمُنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَوْلَادِهِمْ كَمَا فَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَسْلَمُوا كُلُّهُمْ بِلَا خِلَافٍ بِخِلَافِ أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ فَأُولَئِكَ قَسَمَ أَرْضَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا كُفَّارًا مُصِرِّينَ عَلَى الْكُفْرِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ تَرَكَهَا لَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ صَارُوا مُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمَقْصُودُ بِالْجِهَادِ أَنْ تَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ وَقَدْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِي الْمُؤَلَّفَةَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِيَتَأَلَّفَهُمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَكَيْفَ لَا يَتَأَلَّفُهُمْ بِإِبْقَاءِ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ. وَهُمْ لَمَّا حَضَرُوا مَعَهُ حنينا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ غَنَائِمِ حنين مَا تَأْلَفُهُمْ بِهِ حَتَّى عَتَبَ بَعْضُ الْأَنْصَارِ كَمَا فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: {أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالُوا يَوْمَ حنين حِينَ أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ هَوَازِنَ مَا أَفَاءَ فَطَفِقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِي رِجَالًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ الْمِائَةَ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ. فَقَالُوا: يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ يُعْطِي قُرَيْشًا وَيَتْرُكُنَا وَسُيُوفُنَا تَقْطُرُ مِنْ دِمَائِهِمْ - قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَحُدِّثَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إلَى الْأَنْصَارِ فَجَمَعَهُمْ فِي قُبَّةٍ مِنْ أُدْمٍ فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: مَا حَدِيثٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكُمْ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ فُقَهَاءُ الْأَنْصَارِ: أَمَّا ذَوُو رَأْينَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَلَمْ يَقُولُوا شَيْئًا وَأَمَّا أُنَاسٌ مِنَّا حَدِيثَةٌ