But if, by saying “There is nothing but Allah,” the speaker intends what is meant by those who hold that the Creator and creation are one—namely, that nothing exists except Allah—then they say, “There is only Allah,” meaning that nothing exists except Allah. They say that the existence of created things is the existence of the Creator, that the Creator is the creation and the creation is the Creator, and that the servant is the Lord and the Lord is the servant. These and similar notions belong to those who identify the Creator with creation: they do not distinguish between the Creator and creation, nor affirm that the Lord is separate from the servant. Such notions are found in the writings of Ibn ʿArabī al-Tā’ī, Ibn Sabʿīn, Ibn al-Fārid, al-Tilimsānī, and others who hold this doctrine.

The same applies to those who affirm divine indwelling, as do the Jahmiyyah, who say that Allah Himself is in every place and regard Him as intermingled with created things. They even place Him within dogs, pigs, and impure substances, or identify the existence of these things with His existence. Whoever intends these meanings is a misguided heretic who must be called upon to repent. If he repents, well and good; otherwise, he is to be put to death. And Allah, glorified and exalted, knows best.