Most High:

“No calamity befalls except by Allah’s permission. And whoever believes in Allah, He will guide his heart.”

Alqamah said—and this has also been reported from Ibn Mas‘ūd—“This is a man who suffers a calamity, knows that it is from Allah, and so accepts it contentedly and submits.” The servant is commanded to fear Allah and to be patient. Fearing Allah means doing what He has commanded, while patience includes patiently bearing whatever befalls one. Such a person will have a praiseworthy outcome, as Joseph, peace be upon him, said:

“Indeed, whoever fears Allah and is patient—Allah does not let the reward of those who do good go to waste.”

And He, Most High, says:

“And if you are patient and fear Allah, that is indeed a matter requiring firm resolve.”

And He says:

“And if you are patient and fear Allah, their schemes will not harm you at all.”

And He says:

“Yes, if you are patient and fear Allah, and they come upon you suddenly, your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand angels bearing marks.”

Every servant inevitably does things that require repentance and seeking forgiveness, and undergoes trials that require patience. For this reason, he is commanded to be patient and to seek forgiveness, as the best of creation was told:

“So be patient; indeed, Allah’s promise is true. Ask forgiveness for your sin, and glorify your Lord with praise in the evening and the morning.”

The debate between Adam and Moses has been discussed at length elsewhere. Many people have interpreted it in ways contrary to the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the Muslim community. Some have rejected the hadith because they did not understand it. Yet the hadith is true and establishes that, if a person suffers a calamity through someone else’s action, whether his father or another—especially if his father has repented of that action and therefore no longer bears any liability before Allah, as was the case with Adam, Allah’s blessings be upon him—Allah, Most High, says:

“And Adam disobeyed his Lord and went astray.”

“Then his Lord chose him, accepted his repentance, and guided him.”