but glorifies Him with praise.” Thus, He states that all created beings glorify Him with praise. This has been discussed at length elsewhere.

In His words, “We worship your God,” followed by “one God,” if the latter phrase is understood to be in the accusative as a circumstantial qualifier, it must qualify either the subject—the worshipper—or the object—the One worshipped.

The first interpretation is: we worship Him while sincerely devoting ourselves to Him, worshipping none but Him. The second is: we worship Him in the state inseparable from Him, namely, that He is one God. Thus, we worship Him sincerely, acknowledging that He alone is God, to the exclusion of all others.

If the intended meaning is the second, a polytheist cannot be worshipping Him, because he does not worship Him in this state, and He—glory be to Him—has no other state in which we might worship Him. If the intended meaning is the first, however, we could conceivably worship Him in another state, taking other gods alongside Him in our own minds.

Yet His words “one God” indicate that the circumstantial qualifier describes the One worshipped. This differs from saying, “We worship Him, devoting our religion sincerely to Him,” where the circumstantial qualifier describes the subject. This construction therefore occurs frequently in the Quran, as in His words:

“So worship Allah, being sincere to Him in religion.”

And His words:

“Say, ‘It is Allah I worship, being sincere to Him in my religion.’”

Here, the circumstantial qualifier describes the subject