And He says of those endowed with understanding:

“Those who remember Allah while standing, sitting, and lying on their sides, and reflect on the creation of the heavens and the earth: ‘Our Lord, You did not create this without purpose. Glory be to You! Protect us from the punishment of the Fire.’”

These and similar passages in the Quran show that commands and prohibitions, reward and punishment, and the Resurrection are inevitable. They rebuke anyone who supposes or imagines that these things will not occur. This entails that they must necessarily occur and that their not occurring is impossible.

This is agreed upon by those among the adherents of the religions who believe the messengers, whether Muslims or others, on the basis of accepting the report as true. Allah has foretold this, and His report is true. What He has foretold must therefore occur; it is necessary by virtue of His promise and His report. For if He knows that something will happen and has declared that it will happen, it must happen. Nothing can possibly be contrary to what He has known, declared, written, and decreed. Moreover, He has willed this: whatever He wills happens, and whatever He does not will does not happen. Everything He wills must occur.

Whether, however, it may be said that His will renders this necessary is disputed.

Likewise, it is also disputed whether it may be said that this has become necessary because He has made it incumbent upon Himself, or because His wisdom requires it. Whatever He has sworn to do must occur. An oath encompasses the meaning of a declaration