and falsehood. The Quran sets out the rational proofs for these matters and rebukes those who fail to reason from them. It explains that through reason one can recognize the Resurrection, the goodness of worshipping Him alone and thanking Him, and the evil of associating partners with Him and being ungrateful for His blessings, as I have discussed at length elsewhere.

Many people know this by their innate disposition, yet deny reason’s ability to discern good and evil when the fundamentals of religion are presented according to the approach of Jahm’s negationist, determinist followers. This is true of most of what the proponents of falsehood say: their innate disposition leads them to say things that contradict their innovated beliefs.

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Ibn al-Jadd al-Aʿlā mentioned that he heard Abū al-Faraj Ibn al-Jawzī recite these two well-known verses at one of his preaching gatherings:

Suppose no messengers announcing resurrection had come to us, and Hell’s blazing fire had not been kindled—
Is it not an obligation, a duty owed, for servants to feel shame before their Benefactor?

Here he explicitly states that it is an obligation and a duty owed for created beings to feel shame before their Creator, who bestows blessings upon them. This explicitly affirms that thanking Him is an obligation and His due, even if there were no threat of punishment and no