As for those who accuse the Creator of injustice, He has demonstrated His justice through His words:

“By the soul and Him who proportioned it.”

Proportioning means giving a balanced form. He thus makes clear that He is just in fashioning the soul into which He inspired its wickedness and its righteousness. He then mentions the punishment of those who rejected His messengers and transgressed, and that He does not fear the consequences of His retribution against those who oppose His messengers. This makes clear that whoever denies either of these truths will face Allah’s retribution, and He does not fear its consequences, just as He exacted retribution upon Satan and his forces. Such a person’s complaints of injustice against his Lord and his imputing folly to Him only bring about his own destruction; he will not harm Allah in the least.

“For the servants will never be able to harm Allah, nor will they ever be able to benefit Him. Even if the first and last of them, humans and jinn alike, had the heart of the most righteous man among them, that would add nothing to His dominion. And even if the first and last of them, humans and jinn alike, had the heart of the most wicked man among them, that would diminish His dominion in no way.”

Thus, when ʿImrān ibn Husayn asked Abū al-Aswad al-Duʾalī about this to gauge his understanding—“Would that constitute injustice?”—he explained that this was not injustice on His part and expressed fear in view of His words:

“Glory be to Him! Exalted is He far above what they say!”

He also mentioned the hadith of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his citing this verse as evidence. It has thus become clear that the Qadariyya who engage in false disputation either deny what