, so the Muslims put him to death when the governor of Iraq, Khālid ibn ‘Abd Allāh, offered him as a sacrifice, saying:

“Offer your sacrifices; may Allah accept them. I am sacrificing al-Ja‘d ibn Dirham, for he claimed that Allah did not take Abraham as an intimate friend and did not speak directly to Moses.”

Then he descended and slaughtered him.

When Allah sent His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, He sent him to all the people of the earth. They were essentially of two kinds: the unlettered and the People of the Book. The unlettered traced their affiliation to Abraham, for they were his descendants and the custodians of his House, and they retained some of his rites. The People of the Book had their foundation in the Scripture of Moses. Both groups had made alterations and changes. Thus, the Prophet restored the religion of Abraham after it had been distorted, and brought the Book that stands as a guardian over the scriptures preceding it, confirming them and clarifying the matters disputed and whatever had been distorted or concealed in the earlier Scripture.

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Abraham and Moses upheld the foundation of religion: acknowledging Allah, worshipping Him alone without any partner, and disputing with those who disbelieved in Allah. As for Abraham, Allah said of him:

“Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord