inclining to the truth?” He also says:

“Indeed, Abraham was a leader, devoutly obedient to Allah, inclining to the truth.”

And He says:

“I will make you a leader for the people.”

Moses received the Scripture, was spoken to by Allah, and brought the Law. No scripture has descended from heaven that offers better guidance than his Scripture and the Quran.

For this reason, Allah mentions the two scriptures together in several places, as in His words:

“Say: Who sent down the Scripture that Moses brought as a light?”

Through to His words:

“And this is a blessed Book which We have sent down.”

And His words:

“They said: Two works of magic.”

Through to His words:

“Say: Then bring a scripture from Allah that offers better guidance than these two, and I will follow it.”

And the words of the jinn:

“Indeed, we have heard a Book sent down after Moses, confirming what came before it.”

And His words:

“Say: Have you considered: if it is from Allah and you disbelieve in it, while a witness from the Children of Israel has testified to something like it?”

And the words of the Negus:

“Indeed, this and what Moses brought come forth from the same niche.”

Of Moses it is said:

“And Allah spoke directly to Moses.”

And of Abraham:

“And Allah took Abraham as an intimate friend.”

The foundation of this intimate friendship is worshipping Allah alone, and worship is the utmost love and humility. Moses received the Scripture and was spoken to by Allah. Thus, those who disbelieved in the messengers denied the reality of Abraham’s intimate friendship with Allah and Allah’s speaking to Moses. When polytheistic innovations emerged in this community, al-Ja‘d ibn Dirham denied this