Majmu' al-FatawaIbn Taimiya

whose knowledge is perfect, the All-Wise, whose wisdom is perfect, and so on, as already explained. His name “the One” implies that He has neither likeness nor equal:

“And there is none comparable to Him.”

We have explained elsewhere that every attribute by which Allah Most High describes Himself in negative terms must imply an affirmative meaning. Perfection lies in existence and affirmation; negation serves to deny whatever contradicts that perfection. When one contradictory—nonexistence and negation—is denied, the other—existence and affirmation—is necessarily established.

We have explained this regarding the Verse of the Throne and other Quranic passages. For example, His words:

“Neither drowsiness nor sleep overtakes Him”

imply the perfection of His life and His being self-subsisting and sustaining all. His words:

“Who can intercede with Him except by His permission?”

imply the perfection of His sovereignty. His words:

“They encompass nothing of His knowledge”

imply that He alone imparts knowledge, to the exclusion of all others. Oneness entails perfection, whereas partnership entails deficiency.

The same applies to His words:

“Preserving them both does not weary Him”;

“No weariness touched Us”;

“Vision cannot encompass Him”;

“Not even an atom’s weight escapes Him.”

These and similar passages have been discussed at length elsewhere.

الَّذِي قَدْ كَمُلَ فِي عِلْمِهِ الْحَكِيمُ الَّذِي قَدْ كَمُلَ فِي حِكْمَتِهِ إلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا قَدْ بُيِّنَ. وَقَوْلُهُ " الْأَحَدُ " يَقْتَضِي أَنَّهُ لَا مِثْلَ لَهُ وَلَا نَظِيرَ {وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ} . وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ أَنَّ مَا وَصَفَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ الصِّفَاتِ السَّلْبِيَّةِ فَلَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَتَضَمَّنَ مَعْنًى ثُبُوتِيًّا. فَالْكَمَالُ هُوَ فِي الْوُجُودِ وَالثُّبُوتِ وَالنَّفْيُ مَقْصُودُهُ نَفْيُ مَا يُنَاقِضُ ذَلِكَ. فَإِذَا نُفِيَ النَّقِيضُ الَّذِي هُوَ الْعَدَمُ وَالسَّلْبُ لَزِمَ ثُبُوتُ النَّقِيضِ الْآخَرِ الَّذِي هُوَ الْوُجُودُ وَالثُّبُوتُ. وَبَيَّنَّا هَذَا فِي آيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَغَيْرِهَا مِمَّا فِي الْقُرْآنِ كَقَوْلِهِ: {لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ} فَإِنَّهُ يَتَضَمَّنُ كَمَالَ الْحَيَاةِ والقيومية. وَقَوْلُهُ: {مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ} يَتَضَمَّنُ كَمَالَ الْمُلْكِ. وَقَوْلُهُ: {وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ} يَقْتَضِي اخْتِصَاصَهُ بِالتَّعْلِيمِ دُونَ مَا سِوَاهُ. والوحدانية تَقْتَضِي الْكَمَالَ وَالشَّرِكَةُ تَقْتَضِي النَّقْصَ. وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: {وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا} {وَمَا مَسَّنَا مِنْ لُغُوبٍ} {لَا تُدْرِكُهُ الْأَبْصَارُ} {لَا يَعْزُبُ عَنْهُ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ} . وَأَمْثَالُ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا هُوَ مَبْسُوطٌ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ.

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