Surah al-Mulk (Dominion)

He also said—may Allah Most High have mercy on him:

Allah Most High’s words,

“Does He who created not know, when He is the Most Subtle, the All-Aware?”

demonstrate His knowledge of all things in several ways, encompassing the proofs advanced by those who engage in rational inquiry:

First: He is their Creator. Creation is origination according to a determined measure; it therefore entails their determination in His knowledge before they are brought into being.

Second: Creation necessarily entails will and volition, which in turn require a conception of what is willed. This is the familiar line of argument among most speculative theologians.

Third: All things proceed from Him, and He is their complete cause. Knowledge of the source entails knowledge of what derives from it; thus, His knowledge of Himself necessarily entails knowledge of everything that proceeds from Him.

Fourth: He is the Most Subtle, perceiving the finest details, and the All-Aware, perceiving what is hidden. This is what necessitates knowledge of all things. Thus, the necessitating factor must exist, since the complete cause exists.