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an example; for the speaker brings together a likeness in his own mind and in the listener’s through a report corresponding to what is reported. The example is thus the report itself—that is, the description—as in His words:
“The description of Paradise which the righteous have been promised,”
and His words:
“An example is presented, so listen to it.”
I have discussed this expression in detail elsewhere, along with the excellent judgments and proofs it encompasses.
مَثَلٍ؛
لِأَنَّ الْمُتَكَلِّمَ جَمَعَ مَثَلًا فِي نَفْسِهِ وَنَفْسِ الْمُسْتَمِعِ بِالْخَبَرِ الْمُطَابِقِ لِلْمُخْبِرِ فَيَكُونُ الْمَثَلُ هُوَ الْخَبَرُ وَهُوَ الْوَصْفُ كَقَوْلِهِ:
{مَثَلُ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ}
وَقَوْلِهِ:
{ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ}
. وَبَسْطُ هَذَا اللَّفْظِ وَاشْتِمَالُهُ عَلَى مَحَاسِنِ الْأَحْكَامِ وَالْأَدِلَّةِ قَدْ ذَكَرْته فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ.